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AMPUTATION

DEFINITION Amputation is defined as the surgical removal of a part or whole limb disarticulation means removal of limb through the joint INDICATION ·     Dead ·     Dying ·     Dangerous ·     Dud ·     Distressing CONDITION Traumatic condition ·     Road traffic accidents ·     Occupational crush injuries ·     Train traffic accident Vascular condition ·      Arteriosclerosis ·      Gangrene ·      Thromboangitiisobliterans Neoplastic condition ·      Malignant tumours of bone and soft tissues Infective condition ·      Leprosy ·      Actinomycosis ·      Filarial elephantiasis ·      Gas gangrene Congenital Condition ·     If the limb is grossly deformed ·     Useless as in pseudoarthrosis tibia CAUSES             Common causes of amputation in different age group are as follows ·      Children (congenital anomalies) ·      Young adult(crush injuries) ·      Elderly(vascular condition e.g diabetes) TYPE OF AMPUTATION G
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ASSESSMENT OF SPASTICITY

        MODIFIED ASHWORTH SCALE

0-No increase in muscle tone

1-Slight increase in muscle tone,manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance at the end of the range of motion when the affected part(s) is moved in flexion or extension.

1+-Slight increase in muscle tone,manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance throughout the reminder(less than half) of the range of motion.

2-More marked increase in muscle tone through most of the range of motion,but affected part(s) easily flexed.

3-Considerable increase in tone,passive movement difficult.

4-Affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension.

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